Raycasting Distance Calculation

Top-Down View

Wall Rendering (What Player Sees)

Player Controls

Player X: 200 Player Y: 200 Player Angle: 0°

Wall Hit Point:

X: 300, Y: 100

Euclidean Distance:

141.42

Fixed Distance (Corrected):

100.00

Wall Height Ratio:

Euclidean: 1.00

Fixed: 1.41

Why Use use_distance(delta_x, delta_y)?

The use_distance function calculates the Euclidean distance between two points using the Pythagorean theorem: √(x² + y²)

Why we need use_fixed_dist:

Fish-eye distortion: Without correction, walls appear curved because rays at different angles travel different distances to reach the screen plane
Perspective correction: The cos(angle) factor projects the distance onto the viewing plane perpendicular to the player's forward direction
Realistic rendering: This makes distant walls appear properly proportioned

The formula breakdown:

delta_x = hit_x - player.x - Horizontal distance to wall
delta_y = hit_y - player.y - Vertical distance to wall
angle = atan2(delta_y, delta_x) - player.angle - Angle difference from player's forward direction
fix_dist = euclidean_distance * cos(angle) - Corrected distance